Passage: Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow by selecting the correct/most appropriate options. Buddha's method was one of psychological analysis and, again, it is surprising to find how deep was his insight into this latest of modern sciences. Man's life was considered and examined without any reference to a permanent self, for even if such a self exists, it is beyond our comprehension. The mind was looked upon as part of the body, a composite of mental forces. The individual thus becomes a bundle of mental states, the self is just a stream of ideas. 'All that we are is the result of what we have thought'. There is an emphasis on the pain and suffering of life, and the 'Four Noble Truths' which Buddha enunciated deal with this suffering, its cause, the possibility of ending it, and the way to do it. Speaking to his disciples, he is reported to have said: 'and while ye experienced this (sorrow) through long ages, more tears have flowed from you and have been shed by you, while ye strayed and wandered on this pilgrimage (of life), and sorrowed and wept, because that was your portion which ye abhorred, and that which ye loved was not your portion, than all the water which is in the four great oceans' Buddha told his disciples what he thought they could understand and live up to. His teaching was not meant to be a full explanation of everything, a complete revelation of all that is. Once it is said, he look some dry leaves in his hand and asked his favourite disciple, Ananda, to tell him whether there were any other leaves besides those in his hand. Ananda replied: The leaves of autumn are falling on all sides, and there are more of them than can be numbered, Then said the Buddha: 'In like manner | have given you a handful of truths, but besides these are many thousand of other truths, more than can be numbered." Question: After the emergence of new scieftific approaches 'the self', came to be considered as

1. a permanent entity in physical body
2. beyond comprehension
3. a composite of conflicting mental forces
4. a permanent entity in physical body