Passage: In the following passage, a sentence has been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank. Imperialism is a policy or ideology where a nation extends its power by acquiring territories or exerting control over the political and economic life of other countries. This practice often leads to the (1) ______ of local cultures and economies. Imperial powers seek to expand their (2) ______ and influence, often justifying their actions as a civilising mission. The (3) ______ of imperialism can be profound, resulting in long-term political and social changes. Critics argue that imperialism leads to (4) ______ and exploitation, perpetuating inequalities and undermining (5) ______. Question: Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank no. (1).

1. transformation
2. transform
3. transformed
4. transforming