Passage: Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow. Diplomacy is the process and practice of communication and negotiation between actors in the international system, with the aim of achieving their goals and resolving their conflicts and disputes. Diplomacy involves the use of various methods and tools, such as dialogue, persuasion, compromise and coercion, to influence and shape the behaviour and outcomes of other actors. The definition of diplomacy can vary depending on the perspective and approach of the scholar or practitioner, but one common and widely accepted definition is: “Diplomacy is the management of international relations by negotiation; the method by which these relations are adjusted and managed by ambassadors and envoys; the business or art of the diplomatist.” Diplomacy is not monolithic or homogeneous, but rather diverse and complex, and it can be classified and analysed in different ways. One common way is to divide it into two broad categories: traditional and modern. Traditional diplomacy is the type of diplomacy that is based on the formal and official relations between states, and that is conducted by the professional and accredited representatives of the states, such as diplomats and ambassadors. Modern diplomacy is the type of diplomacy that is based on the informal and unofficial relations between various actors, such as non-state actors, civil society, and the public, and that is conducted by the various agents and channels, such as NGOs, media and celebrities. Another type of diplomacy is international diplomacy, which refers to the negotiations and interactions between states and other actors on the global stage, aimed at achieving specific goals and advancing national interests. Diplomacy is important and relevant for our lives and the future of humanity, as it affects and is affected by the various issues and topics that we face and deal with in the global arena, such as security, trade, human rights, development and environmental protection. Diplomacy also enables and facilitates the communication and cooperation between actors in the international system, and helps to prevent and resolve the conflicts and disputes that arise among them. Diplomacy also shapes and influences the world order and the global governance that we live in and aspire for. Question: Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the word ‘cooperation’ as used in the given passage.

1. Interaction
2. Dialogue
3. Hostility
4. Collaboration